See -ain on Wiktionary
{
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"4": "",
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"g2": "",
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"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ain",
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},
{
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"3": "-ain",
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
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},
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"args": {
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"2": "-an",
"notext": "1"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ain, from Old French -ain, from Latin -ānus, whence also French -an and -ien.",
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{
"form": "-ains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aine",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
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{
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"f": "+"
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"expansion": "-ain m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ains, feminine -aine)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "fr",
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],
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{
"text": "Jamaïque + -ain → Jamaïcain"
},
{
"text": "Mexique + -ain → Mexicain"
}
],
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],
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],
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{
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]
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],
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{
"text": "pute + -ain → putain"
}
],
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],
"id": "en--ain-fr-suffix-rHnMlszd",
"links": [
[
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],
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"cas régime",
"cas régime#French"
]
],
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{
"_dis1": "23 23 54",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 54",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 54",
"word": "-ien"
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"sc": "",
"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ain",
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{
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"2": "-ané",
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},
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],
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{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-ains",
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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9,
15
]
],
"english": "contemporaneous",
"text": "contemporain",
"translation": "contemporaneous",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"-aneous"
],
"id": "en--ain-fr-suffix-hNx-aIl8",
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"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ānus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
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"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nLatin -nus\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ain\nMiddle French -ain\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-nus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ain\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ain\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }\" data-id=\"-an\" data-lang=\"frm\" data-title=\"-ain\" id=\"Middle_French:_-an\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ain"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ain",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ānus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nLatin -nus\nLatin -ānus\nOld French -ain\nMiddle French -ain\nFrom Old French -ain, from Latin -ānus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ain",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-an (suffix forming adjectives from nouns)"
],
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ain"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French adjectives",
"Middle French doublets",
"Middle French entries with etymology trees",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French undefined derivations",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ain"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": ":uder",
"3": "la:-āneus",
"id": "-aneous",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nLatin -nus\nLatin -ānus\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLatin -āneus\nMiddle French -ain\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-nus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āneus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ain\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }\" data-id=\"-aneous\" data-lang=\"frm\" data-title=\"-ain\" id=\"Middle_French:_-aneous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-āneus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -āneus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "-ané",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ané",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nLatin -nus\nLatin -ānus\nProto-Indo-European *-yósder.\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nLatin -āneus\nMiddle French -ain\nFrom Latin -āneus, whence also -ané.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-aine",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ains",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aines",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{mp2}}}",
"11": "feminine plural",
"12": "-aines",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "-ains",
"5": "feminine singular",
"6": "-aine",
"7": "masculine plural",
"8": "-ains",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"f2accel-form": "f|s",
"f3accel-form": "m|p",
"f5accel-form": "f|p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ain m (feminine singular -aine, masculine plural -ains, feminine plural -aines)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ain m (feminine singular -aine, masculine plural -ains, feminine plural -aines)",
"name": "frm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"english": "contemporaneous",
"text": "contemporain",
"translation": "contemporaneous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"english": "mediterraneous",
"text": "mediterrain",
"translation": "mediterraneous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-aneous"
],
"links": [
[
"-aneous",
"-aneous"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ain"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ain"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-ain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ānus",
"id": "-an"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-nus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ain\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-id=\"-an\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"-ain\" id=\"Old_French:_-an\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ānus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -ānus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ain",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pute + -ain → putain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "none + -ain → nonain",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique case, especially for feminine nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "castel + -ain → castelain",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ain meaning in All languages combined (22.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ain"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ain"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.